Background: Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis is a rare but life-threatening\ncondition in peritoneal dialysis. It is associated with extensive thickening and\nfibrosis of the peritoneum resulting in recurrent small bowel obstructions and\nmalnutrition. Herein we present case series of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis\ndiagnosed and treated in a large center of peritoneal dialysis in the State\nof Qatar followed by literature review to increase the awareness of physicians\nto it. Case Presentation: The data were collected retrospectively from 180\nperitoneal dialysis patients at Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar, between\n2008 and 2016. The diagnosis of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis was based\non clinical and radiological features. Seven patients (3.8%) were diagnosed\nwith encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis. The mean age of the patients was 49\nyears (range, 23 to 65 years). The mean duration of peritoneal dialysis was 6\nyears (range, 3 to 7 years). The mean peritonitis episodes were 1.8 (range 1 to\n4 episodes). Five patients were diagnosed with encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis\nafter stopping peritoneal dialysis, and two patients diagnosed while they\nwere on peritoneal dialysis treatment. Five patients are still alive and were\ntreated with oral prednisolone and tamoxifen. Two patients underwent adhesiolysis\nsurgery, one of them died due to recurrent sepsis and malnutrition.\nAnother patient died because of cardiac arrest during hemodialysis. The\noverall mortality rate was 28.5% in our series. Conclusions: Encapsulating\nperitoneal sclerosis is a rare and life-threatening peritoneal disease in chronic\nperitoneal dialysis patients. It requires high index of suspicion for early diagnosis\nand treatment.
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